Statistical Help
Statistics is a mathematical science that analyzes, interprets, explains, and presents data. Every field, including psychology, medical/nursing, and business, requires statistical help. Every field, whether psychology, medical/nursing, or business, requires statistical help. This article will highlight some key concepts of statistical help in psychology research. In psychology, researchers conduct numerous studies to understand people’s attitudes or behaviors. Whenever they conduct a study, they require statistical help to analyze the data and interpret the results. Statistical help starts from the research methodology and goes through the presenting of the results.
Research methodology: In psychological research, statistics helps us to determine the methodology for the study. For example, what should the sample size for that particular research be? Which technique should we apply to the data, etc.?
Statistical Help in Research Design:
In psychological research, researchers commonly use two types of research designs. The first is the true experiment, which is applied when random sample assignment is implemented. The second involves multiple measures and includes quasi-experimental and non-experimental research designs.
Selection of Variables:
In psychology, statistical help is essential for selecting variables. Researchers select variables based on a predetermined theory, which is then tested statistically.
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Sample size: In psychological research, we need statistical help in selecting the sample size. We know that when the sample size is small, the statistical test will not give accurate results. If the sample size is too large, then it will take more time and will be costly as well. For example, if we are using regression methods, then the minimum of 10 observations per independent variable should be present in the research data. We can use statistical help to determine the adequate sample size.
Data mining: In psychological research, there are two ways of data collection, namely the primary research and the secondary research. Statistical help gives an idea about which technique we should use for data mining.
Test statistics: In psychological research, we use statistical help do determine the test statistics for that particular data. There are a number of techniques where statistical help is required for decision making. For example, t-test, Z-test, and ANOVA, are some parametric tests by which statistical help is provided to us for comparing the mean of two behaviors. Non-parametric tests, such as the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test, are used to address specific research questions. This will clearly help us in the field of psychology. Logistic regression provides statistical help when the dependent regression variable is nominal. Researchers commonly use the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique in psychological studies. SEM techniques provide statistical help to observe the new variables from the unobserved variables and then to test the relationship between them.
Validity and reliability of statistical result: In any research, conducting analysis is not enough. After conducting the analysis, we have to test that the result is valid and reliable. Statistical help gives us the freedom to test the reliability and validity of the result.
Interpretation of result: Statistical help gives us ideas to interpret the results of the research and it gives us ideas as to how to present those results.
Statistical consultant: Statistical consultants have much experience and a strong knowledge of statistics techniques and the theory of psychology. Ideally, the consultants are people who have the required education to provide statistical help. Students, researchers, or doctors can hire statistical help.
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