Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES)
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a tool for assessing global self-esteem. Psychologists and sociologists are common users for this instrument. Also, the instrument is a vital part of self-esteem measure in social science research and is in particular, mainly used among adolescents. RES exists in several languages – English, French, and Norwegian.
Ten statements are included in the self-report measure that pertain to self-worth and self-acceptance. A four-point scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” The items were selected as a Guttman scale with 7 “contrived items.”
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Reliability and Validity
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale presented high ratings in reliability areas; specifically, internal consistency was 0.77, and the minimum Coefficient of Reproducibility was at least 0.90 (M. Rosenberg, 1965, and personal communication, April 22, 1987). A varied selection of independent studies each using such samples as – parents, men over 60, high school students, and civil servants – showed alpha coefficients ranging from 0.72 to 0.87 (all fairly high). Test-retest reliability for the 2-week interval was calculated at 0.85, the 7-month interval was calculated at 0.63 (Silber & Tippett, 1965, Shorkey & Whiteman, 1978). The RES is closely connected with the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory.
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Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale
Administration, Analysis and Reporting
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References
Crandal, R. (1973). The measurement of self-esteem and related constructs, Pp. 80-82 in J.P.
Lorenzo-Hernandez, J. & Oullette, S.C. (1998). Ethnic identity, self-esteem, and values in Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 2007-2024.
McCreary, M.L, Slavin, L.A., & Berry, E.J. (1996). Predicting problem behavior and self-esteem among African American Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 11, 216-234.
Robinson & P.R. Shaver (Eds), Measures of social psychological attitudes. Revised edition. Ann Arbor: ISR.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. View
Simmons, R.G., Rosenberg, F., & Rosenberg, M. (1973). Disturbance in the self-image at adolescence. American Sociological Review, 38, 553-568. This paper includes the six item version referenced by McCreary et al. (1996).
Wylie, R. C. (1974). The self-concept. Revised edition. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. View
Dissertations and Journals
Classen, Sherrilene; Velozo, Craig A.; Mann, William, C. (2007). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale as a Measure of Self-Esteem Noninstitutionalized Elderly. Clinical Gerontologists, Vol. 31, Issue 1, pg.77-93.
Hatcher, Jennifer; Lynne, Hall (2009). Psychometric Properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in African American Single Mothers. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp.70-77.
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